63,754 research outputs found
Theoretical approach and practical analysis on employment measures- case study on Romania, 2010
The active measures are the main strategies that have the effect of reducing the unemployment, on short, medium and long term. An active measure has the effect of employment growth, by creating new jobs or by facilitating the access to vacancies.
This paper aims to inform about the active measures taken in Romania in 2010, through the Employment Programâs previsions. Also, the paper offer a short analyses concerning the number of persons included in these measures, by Romaniaâs regions and by categories of ages
Accessing the Influence of Hess-Murray Law on Suspension Flow through Ramified Structures
The present study focuses on fluid flow and particle transport in symmetric T-shaped structures formed by tubes with circular and square cross-section. The performances of optimized
structures (i.e., structures designed based on constructal allometric laws for minimum flow resistance) and not optimized structures were studied. Flow resistance and particle penetration
efficiency were studied both for laminar and turbulent flow regimes, and for micrometer and submicrometer particles. Optimized structures have been proven to perform better for fluid flow but they have a similar performance for particle transport
The string swampland constraints require multi-field inflation
An important unsolved problem that affects practically all attempts to
connect string theory to cosmology and phenomenology is how to distinguish
effective field theories belonging to the string landscape from those that are
not consistent with a quantum theory of gravity at high energies (the "string
swampland"). It was recently proposed that potentials of the string landscape
must satisfy at least two conditions, the "swampland criteria", that severely
restrict the types of cosmological dynamics they can sustain. The first
criterion states that the (multi-field) effective field theory description is
only valid over a field displacement (in units where the Planck mass is 1), measured as a distance in the
target space geometry. A second, more recent, criterion asserts that, whenever
the potential is positive, its slope must be bounded from below, and
suggests . A recent analysis
concluded that these two conditions taken together practically rule out
slow-roll models of inflation. In this note we show that the two conditions
rule out inflationary backgrounds that follow geodesic trajectories in field
space, but not those following curved, non-geodesic, trajectories (which are
parametrized by a non-vanishing bending rate of the multi-field
trajectory). We derive a universal lower bound on (relative to the
Hubble parameter ) as a function of and the number of efolds
, assumed to be at least of order 60. If later studies confirm and
to be strictly , the bound implies strong turns with
. Slow-roll inflation in the landscape is not
ruled out, but it is strongly multi-field.Comment: v1: 15 pages; v2: 16 pages, references added, improved discussions,
version accepted for publication in JCA
Cerberus is a feedback inhibitor of Nodal asymmetric signaling in the chick embryo
The TGF-beta-related molecule Nodal plays an essential and conserved role in left-right patterning of the vertebrate embryo. Previous reports have shown that the zebrafish and mouse Cerberus-related proteins Charon and Cerberus-like-2 (Cerl-2), respectively, act in the node region to prevent the Nodal signal from crossing to the right side, whereas chick Cerberus (cCer) has an unclear function in the left-side mesoderm. In this study, we investigate the transcriptional regulation and function of cCer in left-right development. By analyzing the enhancer activity of cCer 5' genomic sequences in electroporated chick embryos, we identified a cCer left-side enhancer that contains two FoxH1 and one SMAD binding site. We show that these Nodal-responsive elements are necessary and sufficient for the activation of transcription in the left-side mesoderm. In transgenic mouse embryos, cCer regulatory sequences behave as in chick embryos, suggesting that the cis-regulatory sequences of Cerberus-related genes have diverged during vertebrate evolution. Moreover, our findings from cCer overexpression and knockdown experiments indicate that cCer is a negative-feedback regulator of Nodal asymmetric signaling. We propose that cCer and mouse Cerl-2 have evolved distinct regulatory mechanisms but retained a conserved function in left-right development, which is to restrict Nodal activity to the left side of the embryo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effect of silica fume additions on the hydration behaviour of calcium aluminates
In the recent refractory castables technology, the calcium aluminate cement is being replaced in increasing proportion by very fine matrix components, such as silica fume and colloidal alumina. More efficient particle packing and the resulting lower water requirements have been the proposed explanation for the improved green density and strength, without sacrificing the castable workability. However, the aluminates are still responsible for the hydraulic setting of the castable. The hydration mechanisms of single calcium aluminates, and mixtures thereof, synthesised by combustion reaction of the appropriate nitrate-urea mixtures, were recently investigated. The present work describes the effect of silica time additions on the hydration behaviour of pure single calcium aluminates, also produced by combustion reaction. Results on the hydration mechanisms, the microstructure development and the resulting physical and/or mechanical properties of the hydrated samples, as a tiction of the water/cement ratio and the silica content, me presented and discussed.JNICT-Portugal - PALOP/24
A Statistical Model to Explain the Mendel--Fisher Controversy
In 1866 Gregor Mendel published a seminal paper containing the foundations of
modern genetics. In 1936 Ronald Fisher published a statistical analysis of
Mendel's data concluding that "the data of most, if not all, of the experiments
have been falsified so as to agree closely with Mendel's expectations." The
accusation gave rise to a controversy which has reached the present time. There
are reasonable grounds to assume that a certain unconscious bias was
systematically introduced in Mendel's experimentation. Based on this
assumption, a probability model that fits Mendel's data and does not offend
Fisher's analysis is given. This reconciliation model may well be the end of
the Mendel--Fisher controversy.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-STS342 the Statistical
Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Small Dollar Loans, Big Problems: How States Protect Consumers From Abuses and How the Federal Government Can Help
Across America, drivers pass twice as many payday loan storefronts as Starbucks coffee shops.2 In twenty-nine states, there are more payday lender stores than McDonaldâs restaurants.3 Numerous research studies warn of the dangers associated with payday loans, including significantly higher rates of bankruptcies, evictions, utility shut-offs, and involuntary bank account closures.4 Many states have recognized the dangers posed by payday and other types of small-dollar loans with predatory features, prompting them to adopt laws to combat the abusive nature of these loans. These laws, however, offer consumers varying degrees of protection.
Historically, states have used their police powers to protect consumers from predatory lending. This Article discusses the extent to which each stateâs current laws protect consumers from lending abuses associated with four common small-dollar loans: payday loans, auto-title loans, six-month installment loans, and one-year installment loans.5 Specifically, this Article highlights the findings from the 2010 Small Dollar Loan Products Scorecard (Scorecard), which updated the original 2008 Scorecard. 6 Both the 2008 and 2010 Scorecard grade state laws based on the maximum annual percentage rate (APR) they allow for the four typical small-dollar loan products listed above. Since the 2008 Scorecard, there has been significant state legislative activity across the country related to small-dollar loans. Only a handful of states, however, have enacted new measures that adequately protect consumers. This Article provides policy recommendations to guide ongoing reform efforts.
The Article highlights three key points. First, states should continue their longstanding good fight on behalf of American families against abusive, small dollar lending, but they need help. Congress and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), which President Obama established when he signed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act into law on July 21, 2010, should join the battle.7 Second, the states and Congress should focus their reform efforts on enacting an across-the-board usury cap of 36% APR on all small-dollar loans. Third, the states, CFPB, and Congress should impose several restrictions on high-cost (over 36% APR), small-dollar lending to help curb its abusive nature.
In this Article, Part II describes the methodology used by the 2010 Scorecard. Part III reports the major changes that have occurred in the two years since the Scorecardâs original 2008 publication. Finally, Part IV proposes several policy recommendations, at the state and federal level, with the focus in the latter category on opportunities for action by the newly created CFPB
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